實施鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略是(shi)黨的(de)十九大作(zuo)出的(de)重大決策部署，是(shi)新時代“三農”工作(zuo)的(de)總抓手。金(jin)融(rong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興，重點(dian)是(shi)融(rong)資(zi)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)，難(nan)點(dian)是(shi)如(ru)(ru)何對廣(guang)大農戶提供(gong)信貸支持。隨著金(jin)融(rong)科技的(de)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)，農村(cun)信息化、數(shu)字化建(jian)設加速推進，對如(ru)(ru)何有效破解(jie)農戶融(rong)資(zi)難(nan)、融(rong)資(zi)貴(gui)、融(rong)資(zi)慢問(wen)題提供(gong)了契機。

　　“三農”網絡(luo)融(rong)資面(mian)臨新(xin)機(ji)遇

　　新(xin)(xin)(xin)主體(ti)新(xin)(xin)(xin)需(xu)求(qiu)加(jia)速(su)涌(yong)現(xian)。國家鄉(xiang)村振興戰略的深入實施，推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村一二三(san)產(chan)業加(jia)速(su)融合，涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)主體(ti)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業態不斷涌(yong)現(xian)。同時農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經濟運(yun)轉(zhuan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民生產(chan)生活(huo)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業加(jia)工流通的網絡(luo)化變革，促進了各(ge)類新(xin)(xin)(xin)主體(ti)互聯(lian)網化的金(jin)融需(xu)求(qiu)，為金(jin)融機構提供了堅實的客戶基(ji)礎。

　　新渠道新手(shou)段(duan)加速應用。隨著農村(cun)信息化(hua)建設加快推進，互聯(lian)網(wang)已逐漸延伸到基層鄉村(cun)。依托新的渠道手(shou)段(duan)，以數字(zi)化(hua)、信息化(hua)、網(wang)絡化(hua)、智能化(hua)為(wei)核心的新技(ji)術正在滲透(tou)農戶生產、經(jing)營、消費各環節，為(wei)農村(cun)互聯(lian)網(wang)融資發展(zhan)提(ti)供了硬件支撐。

　　新技術(shu)新金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)加速融(rong)(rong)合。當前(qian)，云(yun)計算、大數據(ju)、區塊鏈、移(yi)動(dong)互(hu)聯、人工智能(neng)等一系列信息(xi)技術(shu)集(ji)中涌現，金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)科技迅(xun)速發(fa)展(zhan)，對(dui)銀(yin)行業產(chan)生(sheng)革命(ming)性影響。同時農村生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活的持(chi)續數字化沉(chen)淀(dian)下越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多可供分析(xi)使用的大數據(ju)。通過金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)與科技的深度融(rong)(rong)合，利用技術(shu)手(shou)段(duan)對(dui)農戶生(sheng)產(chan)、經營、消費信息(xi)進行大數據(ju)分析(xi)，能(neng)夠(gou)精(jing)準(zhun)地對(dui)農戶畫像(xiang)，為創新農戶網絡融(rong)(rong)資產(chan)品提供有力的技術(shu)支撐。

　　探(tan)索實(shi)踐“三農”網絡融資(zi)

　　圍(wei)繞(rao)服務(wu)鄉村振興戰略，農業銀行(xing)(xing)積(ji)極運用互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)、大數(shu)據技術，專門為廣大農民(min)研(yan)發推出(chu)了(le)線上(shang)融(rong)資產品——惠(hui)農e貸(dai)。截至2018年9月(yue)末，全行(xing)(xing)惠(hui)農e貸(dai)余額達810.2億元(yuan)，貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)戶數(shu)達79.2萬戶;已在35家一(yi)級分行(xing)(xing)全覆蓋，縣域支行(xing)(xing)開辦率達到96%。惠(hui)農e貸(dai)實現了(le)農戶貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)批(pi)(pi)(pi)量獲客、批(pi)(pi)(pi)量放貸(dai)、批(pi)(pi)(pi)量管貸(dai)、批(pi)(pi)(pi)量收貸(dai)，較好(hao)解決(jue)了(le)以往農戶貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)管理成(cheng)本高(gao)、風險大、管戶難的瓶頸(jing)問(wen)題，是金(jin)融(rong)科(ke)技服務(wu)鄉村振興的新探索(suo)。

　　數據(ju)采(cai)集批量化(hua)。真實、有效的(de)數據(ju)是開展農戶網絡融(rong)資業(ye)務的(de)基礎。農業(ye)銀行依托(tuo)多(duo)年來深耕“三農”所積(ji)累的(de)政(zheng)府(fu)資源(yuan)、客戶資源(yuan)和(he)人力資源(yuan)，對外積(ji)極對接涉(she)農政(zheng)府(fu)部(bu)門、企事(shi)業(ye)單位、行業(ye)協會(hui)、第(di)三方交(jiao)易平臺等農戶數據(ju)所有方，對內挖掘行內數據(ju)資源(yuan)，建立起以批量采(cai)集為主、分(fen)散采(cai)集為輔的(de)數據(ju)收集機制。

　　授(shou)(shou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)額度(du)模型化。農(nong)(nong)業銀行通過量(liang)化農(nong)(nong)戶家庭的(de)經(jing)營(ying)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)用、資(zi)產(chan)狀況等多維信(xin)(xin)(xin)息，科學設置信(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)模型和(he)信(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)參數(shu)(shu)，用相(xiang)對客觀(guan)的(de)模型授(shou)(shou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)替(ti)代主(zhu)觀(guan)操作，避免了(le)授(shou)(shou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)不足或過度(du)授(shou)(shou)信(xin)(xin)(xin)。如惠農(nong)(nong)e貸(dai)(dai)批量(liang)支持水果(guo)(guo)種植農(nong)(nong)戶，在選(xuan)取(qu)合(he)適模型的(de)基(ji)礎上，批量(liang)導入果(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)購肥購藥等各類生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)成本、經(jing)營(ying)規模及資(zi)產(chan)信(xin)(xin)(xin)用等數(shu)(shu)據，系統即可計算基(ji)礎信(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)額度(du)，批量(liang)導出貼合(he)實際生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)需要的(de)最終信(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)(dai)額度(du)，大大提高了(le)決(jue)策的(de)科學性和(he)效率。

　　貸(dai)款方式(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用化(hua)(hua)。鄉村振興催(cui)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)主(zhu)體、新(xin)(xin)業態等(deng)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)屬于“輕資(zi)(zi)產(chan)”客(ke)戶，對純信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用方式(shi)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)需求極(ji)為迫切。惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)e貸(dai)通過對農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶生產(chan)經營(ying)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)負債(zhai)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)交(jiao)易等(deng)多(duo)(duo)維信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大數(shu)據分(fen)析，并作為放貸(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要依據，弱化(hua)(hua)了對農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶抵(di)押(ya)擔保(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。積極(ji)與地方農(nong)(nong)(nong)業、財(cai)政(zheng)、扶貧、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)辦等(deng)主(zhu)管部門合作，對納入(ru)政(zheng)府風險(xian)補償基金(jin)(jin)、政(zheng)策性(xing)擔保(bao)公司等(deng)增(zeng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)機制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶，批(pi)量收集信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息發放惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)e貸(dai)，實現(xian)了銀(yin)行貸(dai)款與財(cai)政(zheng)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效融(rong)(rong)合，貸(dai)款可得(de)性(xing)顯著(zhu)提升。

　　此外，辦理流程便捷化。手機等移動載體逐(zhu)漸成為廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的“新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)具”，為金融(rong)(rong)服(fu)務鄉村(cun)振興渠道創新按下了(le)“快捷鍵(jian)”;貸(dai)款(kuan)利率普惠(hui)化。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業銀行通(tong)過惠(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)e貸(dai)讓利于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)，實(shi)現(xian)“從農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶用得起(qi)到農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶還得清(qing)”的良(liang)性循(xun)環;金融(rong)(rong)服(fu)務綜(zong)合(he)化。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業銀行以惠(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)e貸(dai)為基(ji)礎，深入挖掘農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶多種金融(rong)(rong)需求(qiu)，通(tong)過“1+N”產品組(zu)合(he)，向(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶提供一(yi)攬子(zi)金融(rong)(rong)服(fu)務，滿足(zu)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶存、貸(dai)、匯、理等多種金融(rong)(rong)需求(qiu)。

　　推進“三農”網(wang)絡(luo)融資高質量(liang)發展(zhan)

　　堅(jian)持戰(zhan)略引領(ling)。實(shi)(shi)現(xian)農(nong)戶(hu)網絡(luo)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)業務(wu)(wu)有效發展，必須以國家鄉村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略為統領(ling)，加(jia)強“三農(nong)”和互聯網金融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)戰(zhan)略融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合，著(zhu)眼長遠做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)規劃設(she)計，立足實(shi)(shi)際(ji)謀好(hao)(hao)業務(wu)(wu)布局，加(jia)大(da)資(zi)源投入，用最先進的技(ji)術服務(wu)(wu)最廣(guang)大(da)的農(nong)村(cun)客戶(hu)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)金融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)科(ke)技(ji)和農(nong)村(cun)金融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)同頻共振，將農(nong)戶(hu)網絡(luo)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)業務(wu)(wu)不斷做(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)強做(zuo)優。

　　堅持科技賦(fu)能。面對日新(xin)月異的科技浪潮，需要銀行業進一步全(quan)面樹立互(hu)聯網(wang)思(si)維，充分認識“互(hu)聯網(wang)+”帶來的新(xin)機遇，突(tu)破思(si)維定式，加快傳統線(xian)下(xia)業務的線(xian)上化改造，將互(hu)聯網(wang)思(si)維嵌入“三農”新(xin)產品、新(xin)服務和新(xin)模式中去。

　　堅持創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)驅動。按照互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)運(yun)作特點和規(gui)律，進(jin)一步開展產品服務創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，加快(kuai)制定完善一整套與互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)金融相適應的農戶網(wang)(wang)絡融資產品制度(du)體系。推進(jin)模(mo)式創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，在(zai)各類(lei)農戶網(wang)(wang)絡融資模(mo)式推廣的速度(du)、廣度(du)、深度(du)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)度(du)上(shang)下功夫(fu)，重點針對涉農專業市場、農業產業集群(qun)、農業產業園(yuan)區、農村(cun)產權改革等領域，因地制宜開展模(mo)式創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。

　　堅持風控(kong)為本。根(gen)據農戶網絡融資業(ye)務的(de)特點，完(wan)(wan)善風險(xian)(xian)(xian)防控(kong)機(ji)制，建(jian)(jian)立業(ye)務高(gao)質量發展的(de)“防火墻”。構(gou)建(jian)(jian)以系(xi)統(tong)管控(kong)為主、人工管控(kong)為輔的(de)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)管控(kong)模(mo)式(shi)，不斷完(wan)(wan)善客(ke)戶篩選、授信模(mo)型(xing)(xing)等系(xi)統(tong)建(jian)(jian)設，確(que)(que)保過程(cheng)可控(kong)制，記(ji)錄可追(zhui)溯。持續提(ti)升(sheng)系(xi)統(tong)化(hua)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)管控(kong)水平，充分依托(tuo)科(ke)技手段將制度規則和(he)管理要求轉化(hua)為風控(kong)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)，嵌入到業(ye)務流(liu)程(cheng)的(de)關鍵環(huan)節中(zhong)，提(ti)高(gao)預警監控(kong)的(de)及時性(xing)(xing)(xing)、準確(que)(que)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、有效性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)前瞻性(xing)(xing)(xing)。建(jian)(jian)立風險(xian)(xian)(xian)分擔機(ji)制，加強與農擔公(gong)司(si)、政府風險(xian)(xian)(xian)補償(chang)基(ji)金、保險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)等機(ji)構(gou)合作(zuo)，提(ti)升(sheng)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)緩釋能(neng)力。(中(zhong)國農業(ye)銀(yin)行(xing)副行(xing)長 王 緯)